Week 11: Medieval Europe IDs
The Crusades
Causes
There is a wide variety of opinion as to why the Crusades actually took place. The most obvious reason is that the Muslims had taken over the Holy Land and the Christians wanted to take it back by conquest. Constantinople also needed help against the Arab attacks and the Crusades by Western Europe were an answer to their pleas. The help that they provided was to serve as a way to unite Christendom under the Pope and bring the East under his control. They knew that if Constantinople were to fall, all of Europe would be more open to invasion. Another reason for the Crusades were the problems that Christians were having on pilgrimages to Jerusalem. Also, some Italian merchant states wished to expand the Mediterranean trade to further enrich themselves. The Crusades could also be said to be an act of preserving the culture of Europe.
Effects
The main effect of the Crusades was the weakening of the Byzantine Empire, which eventually led to its demise. Most people knew or were related to someone who had left for the Crusades, and if not they had seen the Crusaders march by. The Crusades had a wide-spread effect on the culture of Europe. This is one of the earliest times that symbols were used to represent the knights who went off into battle, mainly because most of the knights were illiterate. The Crusades also launched cities like Venice into their high economic status because so many people were traveling and using boats to send items back home to England. A positive advance in the advancements that the knights saw in their opponents and brought back to their homeland.
*www.medieval-life.net/crusades.html
*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusades#Legacy_of_the_Crusades
List of Crusades
First Crusade 1095–1099
Second Crusade 1145–1149
Third Crusade 1189–1192
Fourth Crusade 1201–1204
Albigensian Crusade
Children's Crusade
Fifth Crusade 1217–1221
Sixth Crusade 1228–1229
Seventh Crusade 1248–1254
Eighth Crusade 1270
Ninth Crusade 1271–1272
Northern Crusades (Baltic and Germany)
Other crusades
-Crusade against the Tatars
-Crusades in the Balkans
-The Aragonese Crusade
-The Alexandrian Crusade
-The Hussite Crusade
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Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusade#A_list_of_the_crusades
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