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Ataturk

Page history last edited by PBworks 16 years, 11 months ago

 Week 28: World War I IDs

Week 29: Btwn the Wars IDs

 

 

The Godfather of Republic of Turkey

 

 

  • He was born in 188, in the Ottoman city of Selanik. His father was Ali Riza and his mother was Zubeyde Hanim.
  • He was an army officer and a revolutionary statesman. He was also the founder of the Turkish Republic and its first, second, third and fourth President.
  • In 1914, the German Marshal Otto Liman von Sanders was assigned by the defense of the Dardanelles in command of the 5th Army. Mustafa Kemal was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel and given the task of organizing and commanding the 19th Division attached to 5th Army. On January 8, 1915, the British War Council decided to launch an operation "to bombard and take the Gallipoli peninsula with Istanbul as its objective". On April 25, 1915, he met the enemy in the hills, held them, and retook the high ground. By Mustafa holding off the allied forces at Chunuk Bair, he earned the rank of Colonel.
  • On April 1, 1916, Mustafa was given the command of XVl corps of 2nd Army and was sent to the Caucasus Campaign, with the rank of Brigadier General. Later that year, as recognization of his military achievement and the improvement of stability of the region, he was given the medal sword of the order of "Imtiyaz". On March 7, 1917, he was appointed from command of XVl corps to the 2nd Army.
  • His command of the 2nd Army was cut short because he was transferred to Sinai and Palestine Campaign. He was assigned to the 7th Army, but after a short visit to the 7th Army HQ, he returned to Istanbul on October 7. During a trip to Germany he fell ill and stayed in Vienna for medical treatment. He returned to Aleppo on August 28, 1918 and resumed the command of the 7th Army. Liman von Sanders lost the Battle of Megiddo leaving 75,000 prisoners of war behind on the first day. Mustafa was appointed to the command of Yildirim Ordulari, replacing Liman von Sanders.
  • At the end of the war, he had become General of Yildirim Ordulan. Yildirim Ordulan dissolved in compliance to armistice and Mustafa returned to and occupied Istanbul on November 13, 1918. He was given an administrative position at the Ministry of War. 
  • On July 8 he resigned from the Ottoman Army while in Ersurum. He was declared a "Honorary Native" and freeman of the city, which issued him the first citizenship registration and certificate. He became the city's deputy.  
  • The first session of the"Grand National Assembly of Turkey" gathered on April 23, 1920; Mustafa became its President.
  • On the political front, Mustafa signed the Treaty of Kars on October 23, 1921 with the Soviet Union, Turkey ceded the city of Batumi to Lenin's Bolsheviks in return for sovereignty over the cities of Kars and Ardahan.
  • The "republic of Turkey" was declared on October 29, 1923; but Mustafa's position was solidified in the constitution of 1921.

 

 

 

  • During the independence war the Turkish National Assembly assigned him the tittle Gazi.
  • He is revered by the people of Turkey as the Father of the Nation, and on November 24, 1934 he was presented by the Turkish Assembly with the surname "Ataturk (which means "Father Turk" or "Ancestor Turk").  His portrait currently appears on all current Turkish coins and banknotes.
  • He reformed Turkish nation using Western ideals (added by Schmidt)

 

 

                                  Mustafa Kemal Atatürk                                                      

                                       Mustafa Kemal Ataturk                                                                     Mustafa Kemal Ataturk    

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